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Angular, React, and Vue.js are the popular front-end frameworks for companies of any size and domain. Each brings valuable features to the table, making the task of choosing one a complex one. How then can you determine the most fitting framework for your application? Often, it's not a mere technological choice, it's rather a mixture of factors including: Team experience. Evaluate if your in-house team is familiar and proficient with the new technology. Talent availability. In case you have no in-house team or need to augment your staff, assess the availability of skilled developers who are well-versed in the chosen frontend framework to ensure that you can hire the necessary resources for your project. Project complexity and specifics. Even though all the frameworks are great, each of them is ideal for certain cases: React is the best fit for highly customizable web apps with complex, interactive UIs, Vue.js is the perfect match for creating single-page, dynamic web applications that take the best of both React and Angular, Angular is an ideal solution for enterprise-level, easily scalable web apps with a rich feature set. Need help in identifying which framework aligns best with your business objectives? Talk to Belitsoft's front-end development experts. React is the Best for Cross-Platform Development React is a front-end JavaScript framework, the best suitable for designing cross-platform web applications that are highly customizable, replete with complex and interactive user interfaces. React is maintained by Meta and a vast community. This is one of the most popular JavaScript frameworks used by many industry-leading companies, such as Meta (Facebook and Instagram), Netflix, PayPal, DropBox, Airbnb, Uber, and BBC. ✅ High scalability and customization. The modular structure of React allows developers to swiftly assemble various pre-built components, fostering convenient customization and scalability. This results in substantial time and cost savings throughout the web application development process. ✅ Flexibility in choosing development tools. React is more of a library than a framework, which means it gives you more flexibility to choose the tools, libraries, and architecture for your project. This is different from Angular or Vue.js, which come with a defined set of rules and patterns. ✅ Code reusability. When developing React applications, the presence of reusable components significantly reduces complexity and coding effort. ✅ Efficient performance. React uses a virtual DOM (Document Object Model) that helps to handle large databases. This eliminates the reliance on traditional DOM methods, optimizing performance and resulting in faster and more efficient operations. ✅ Simplified creation of mobile apps. You can benefit from using the same React-based approach to build native mobile applications with React Native. The seamless migration of components from React to React Native allows validating the UI on mobile devices and making the necessary adjustments to optimize mobile-friendliness. This simplifies the development process and accelerates time-to-market. ✅ Predictability and ease of debugging. Since the data flows in one direction (one-way binding), it's easier to track the changes happening in your application. This also provides a clear understanding of the data flow and decreases data corruption risk. ❌ Fast-paced updates. The React ecosystem is evolving too rapidly. This means developers need to constantly learn and adapt to new ways of doing familiar things, which might decrease productivity. ❌ Requires more expertise from developers. The flexibility of React can also be a disadvantage for some teams. It requires you to make more architectural decisions, which might not be ideal for less experienced developers. Besides, React uses JSX (JavaScript XML) which is a syntax extension for JavaScript. It might require more expertise from developers. Denis V. , React developer at Belitsoft (3+ years of experience with React): "React is the best option if a client requires both web and mobile applications. These are completely different types of applications, however, they can be developed by hiring just one development team instead of two. That significantly reduces the development time and cost. React is ideal for cross-platform development thanks to React Native or even for building VR apps using React-VR.One of the main advantages of React is the performance of React-based apps thanks to the virtual DOM. DOM manipulations are the core of modern interactive web pages. They are extremely resource-intensive JavaScript operations, but React speeds them up using the virtual DOM. Facebook team is working on async rendering to make React-based apps even faster.When comparing React vs Vue vs Angular, it's important to remember that React is a library, while the other two are frameworks. It means that React as a library offers the opportunity to choose what architecture and additional libraries to use, for example, Redux or Mobx, while frameworks force you to use a certain structure in your code, making you use things the way this framework intends. Yes, React developers need to write a large amount of the boilerplate code to follow best practices for building highly scalable and reusable apps. However, there are many professional boilerplates for React, for example, this one. OUR CASE STUDY: React-based web app for the US startup Looking to boost your web app? Our skilled React developers are ready to help! We'll turn your vision into a robust, user-friendly application. Contact us today! Vue.js is the Best for Lightweight, Intuitive Apps Vue.js is an open-source JavaScript Framework used mainly for building dynamic Single Page Applications (SPA). Vue.js features two crucial aspects of its rivals: Angular's two-way data binding and React's virtual DOM. Vue stands out with its flexibility and lightweight nature, making it a unique framework in its own right. ✅ Swiftness and simplicity. Vue's code is concise and straightforward, significantly reducing the lines of code. This makes Vue.js a lightweight framework, ensuring swift download and startup times. This efficiency enables developers to create applications and templates in a time-efficient manner. ✅ Impressive performance. Third-party simulations indicate that Vue.js outperforms Angular and performs on par with React when it comes to manipulating rows and columns in tables. This advantage stems from Vue's utilization of a virtual DOM, enabling efficient operations. Vue's DOM is also lighter compared to the one used by React, contributing to its impressive performance in this context. ✅ Intuitive debugging. In Vue, debugging runs parallel to the coding process, allowing developers, including juniors, to easily debug their code by visualizing the UI as they write it. This feature enhances the debugging experience and facilitates error resolution. ❌ Ecosystem. Vue.js has a limited ecosystem, which means it may not function effectively in older versions of operating systems and web browsers. ❌ Support and trust. Frameworks like Angular and React benefit from the backing of industry giants Google and Facebook, which inherently instills trust among users. However, Vue generally lacks the same level of trust and credibility among audiences. OUR CASE STUDY: Vue.js-based enterprise software for global technology company Our Vue.js developers, armed with comprehensive knowledge and vast experience in frontend development, stands ready to turn your concepts into a dynamic, user-friendly application. Reach out to us today to discuss details! Angular is the Best for Large, Scalable Apps Angular is a TypeScript-based framework, that has replaced a former Angular JS version. Angular JS to Angular migration became vital due to the end of its life and brought multiple benefits. Angular is often preferred by enterprises that require high scalability for their large and constantly growing software. Major companies such as Google, Microsoft Office, Samsung, PayPal, Wix, and Forbes place their reliance on Angular. ✅ Rich functionality. Angular offers a plethora of well-integrated libraries and a suite of developer tools that facilitate the development and scalability of projects. With these resources at their disposal, front-end developers can create robust and powerful applications to meet your requirements effectively and reduce app development costs. ✅ Enterprise-level security. The Angular front-end development framework incorporates built-in safety measures to protect against common vulnerabilities and attacks, including cross-site scripting attacks, malware, and viruses. ✅ Ease to maintain and debug. Maintaining Angular code is typically a straightforward task, thanks to its use of TypeScript. TypeScript aids developers in identifying faulty code during the typing phase itself, facilitating an efficient debugging process. Additionally, Angular imports dependencies, including external code repositories, to streamline app testing. ✅ Smooth scalability and customization. Working on an Angular project as a team offers excellent scalability and customization possibilities, as minor changes made by any team member do not require updating the entire project structure. Furthermore, the code base in Angular maintains high consistency and readability, enhancing project efficiency. ✅ Code reusability. The clean and consistent code of Angular significantly aids in reducing both costs and time-to-market. The code can be reused multiple times without causing any confusion. ❌ Performance. Angular may underperform when dealing with complex and dynamic applications due to its real DOM usage and heavy reliance on third-party libraries. ❌ Verbosity and complexity. Angular is often considered verbose and complex, requiring a lot of code even for simple applications, which can increase development time. ❌ Migration issues. Major updates in Angular often come with breaking changes, making it hard for developers to migrate their existing applications. OUR CASE STUDY: Angular-based BI project for the US hospitality domain Use the over 17 years of front-end development expertise of our Angular developers. Utilizing industry best practices, our team is committed to building a web application that prioritizes customer engagement and satisfaction. Let's work together to create an exceptional web experience for your users. React vs Angular vs Vue: Architecture React React has a simple architecture based on components. These components are like building blocks that you use to create your website or app. Each component represents a part of the user interface (UI), like a button or a form. Each component has its own logic and controls its own rendering, or how it appears on the screen. You can reuse these components wherever you want in your app, which makes your code more organized and easier to manage. React also uses a "virtual DOM" to keep your app running fast. When a component changes, React first updates a virtual representation of the webpage, figures out the most efficient way to make these changes in the real webpage, and then makes those changes. This smart way of updating the webpage is a big part of why React apps feel so smooth and responsive. Vue.js The structure of Vue.js is simple, with all elements designed as self-contained and reusable components. One neat thing about Vue.js is that it keeps your data (the info your app handles) tied to your components. When the data changes, the component knows it needs to update how it looks on the screen. This feature is called "reactive", and it's part of what makes Vue.js easy to use. Vue.js also uses a virtual DOM, just like React. This means that when a component needs to update, Vue.js first figures out the most efficient way to make the change on a virtual model of the webpage, and then it updates the real webpage. This smart process helps keep your app running quickly and smoothly. Angular Angular uses a structure based on modules, components, and services. In Angular, you bundle these components into modules, which help you organize your code better. Each module can be a feature of your app, like a user profile or a shopping cart. Services are where you put code that you want to share across different components. Lastly, Angular uses "directives" to let you add special behavior to elements in your webpage, and "dependency injection" to make it easier to share code and data between different parts of your app. In a nutshell, Angular provides a well-organized structure for creating complex web applications by dividing them into manageable and reusable components, modules, and services. React vs Angular vs Vue: Popularity React, Angular, and Vue.js are often referred to as the "Big Three" frameworks and libraries because they have come to dominate the field in terms of popularity, community support, and adoption by major companies. The search trends tend to favor Angular and React over their younger competitor. Google Trends Results All three frameworks are widely represented on GitHub, with React leading the pack. React: GitHub Stars 181K / Fork 36.9k / Contributors 1538/ Used By 8.8 Million Users Angular: GitHub Stars 79.2K / Fork 20.8k / Contributors 1528 / Used By 2.1 Million Users Vue.js: GitHub Stars 193K / Fork 31.3k / Contributors 404 According to the StackOverflow survey, React and Angular are among the most popular frameworks professional developers use.  React vs Angular vs Vue: Performance In terms of speed, the members of the Big Three are very close. Source: https://www.stefankrause.net/js-frameworks-benchmark7/table.html Source: https://www.stefankrause.net/js-frameworks-benchmark7/table.html As they are technically similar, the actual speed of your project will depend on the skill of the developers. Rever Case Study: Migrating Angular app to Vue.js Luis Elizondo is the Director of Engineering at REVER SaaS Company that develops Idea Management Software, named Rever Score. He does back-end and front-end Web development in this Silicon Valley-based company, founded in 2015 by people that blended their experiences in Toyota, Google, Airbus, Apple, Eurocopter, Rackspace, Procter & Gamble, and a handful of tech startups. They are using Node.js / Express on the backend, vanilla Node.js with no framework for some microservices, and Python for other microservices. Everything runs inside a Docker container. In August 2017, Rever released a new version of their web client using Vue.js. Before that, they were using Angular 2 beta 9. Why did they use beta technology in their products? It was a decision recommended and implemented by the outsourcing company. Their line of thought was something along the lines of "the final Angular version will be ready by the time we finish the product, and we will update every time there's a new beta release"", and they did, for a time, until they realized it was time-consuming and added no real value. In the end, it took them 8 weeks to write the project with the Vue.js JavaScript framework. This was a medium size project from Elizondo's point of view. During that process, they were also rewriting the whole API because there were architectural mistakes on the first version. Elizondo says that he has done extensive research before making a decision to switch their technology stack. ReactJS vs AngularJS vs VueJS. Source: medium.com/reverdev/why-we-moved-from-angular-2-to-vue-js-and-why-we-didnt-choose-react-ef807d9f416 Why we ditched Angular: "I want to focus on the points, the upgrade process, and Typescript. Upgrade to Angular 2. This was not easy because there were many versions we needed to upgrade, doing this while having critical bugs was not an option since we didn’t know what things were broken because of the upgrade and what things were broken because they were already broken. Solve the critical bugs first and then upgrade. Again, not easy because I didn't have all the necessary experience in Angular 2 and the documentation was upgraded. Try solving a bug that is happening on beta9 but you don't know when it was solved or even reported with documentation that refers to Angular 2.0.0 and you´ll know what I mean. This is not Angular's fault, this was just our context. Rewrite the whole thing and redesign the UI in the process. This is the road we took, it was the easiest solution for us, too many things were failing for us to attempt to fix them. We could have done it in Angular 2 as well, or we could experiment if we had other options. We did and I do not regret it. Typescript is good, however, it was not adding real value to our medium size project. It avoids some kinds of bugs, but not all, and we had plenty, probably because of the lack of experience from the outsourcing company. We wanted to avoid that as our team grows, there's something beautiful in watching a new team member being productive after a few hours with Vuej.js, something we felt that we would not achieve with Typescript. Vue.js solves the problems that we had, I'm not saying it will solve yours, and that's why we moved, with our context, the business needs, the timing, and the available resources, I would make the same decision again because it solved our problems. The reason why we ended up using Vue was coding speed and a small learning curve, but those things pay off later, when new developers come to the project they can start being productive in a matter of hours, not days. Why we're not using Angular 4 is because it didn't exist when we made the decision to move to Vue.js". This article accepted some critics in the comments section. Francesco Belladonna, a web developer with Full-Stack experience (JavaScript, HTML, CSS, AngularJS, Redux Ruby on Rails) at Predictable Revenue (Canada) writes: "I feel like we are missing some very important points here. We are comparing a framework (again) with a view library. Not only that, but you are also comparing the speed of prototyping between the two. I could tell you that based on that comparison, you would choose Vue without writing a single line of code. A framework is meant to give you a speed boost at the start of your new product and give consistency later on. However, when developing any kind of SaaS what you really care about is how hard is to maintain such software, as in speed on fixing bugs, implement new features, refactor. React comes with just the view layer, and you are "forced" to take decisions by yourself. I'm surprised people keep listing this as a downside: it is probably the most valuable thing React delivers: freedom of choice. Feel like React setup is complex? Cool, grab one of the many available boilerplates and use one of those, Vue is just doing the same for you. While I like the overall article, I think the author failed on checking the long-term gains of one lib over the other. The more you grow, the less you want a framework, and the more you want freedom of choice. And a bigger community. That being said, this article does one thing really well: scared me a lot regarding Angular2 (or 4 for what is worth), confirming my feeling that it's a framework that came with a lot of issues (I come from Angular1 1 background)". Dennis Brandt, a Senior Programmer / Team leader (Angular, AngularJS, NodeJS, Socket.io) at MyBit BV (the Netherlands) writes: "My team and I use Angular since August 2016, we waited until there was a stable release before even looking at it. We also compared Vue, React, Angular, and even AngularJS (the first version of Angular). Took into account what we needed from the web development frameworks/libraries and the project itself, the scale, and the intended lifespan. "For us, Angular was the clear winner as it provides what we needed, but this doesn't mean we will use Angular for every project. We look at it from the scope and requirements perspective." Learning the syntax of a specific template or language is a breeze for any developer worth his/her paycheck and for me and my team has never been a reason to do or not do something. For us Typescript actually made things easier, the compiler already checks for mistakes, unit testing is simple and as it's a superset of JavaScript (ES6/7) it was almost too easy to pick up. Good that you did the research to figure out what was best for you, the team and the project, but if I can say one thing that I hope you'll keep in mind; Never choose a progressive framework or library because it's familiar or easier. Choose what best fits the requirement of the project at hand." Alex Jover Morales, a Full Stack Engineer (VueJS; Redux; Webpack; Karma, mocha, chai; NodeJS; PHP, Lumen, etc.) at Coosto (The Netherlands) writes: "I worked with the three last year (Angular, Vue, React, in that order), and although my preference goes as well for Vue.js. I'd like to clarify some things in an objective way: What I see about TypeScript in this article usually comes from people that never got into it. Creating an object in TypeScript is as easy as in JavaScript. And it offers lots of stuff, but you need to give it a bit of time (not much really). Once you get there, you don't want to go back, and that's applicable to Vue as well. In fact, I love to combine Vue and TypeScript, even recorded a course. People that come from Angular (especially 1.x) find easier to get into Vue.js, since it shares most of DSL. What takes a while is to learn new practices and patterns of Component architecture. Once you know them, it's really easy to get into both Vue or React. Of course, Angular 2+ takes much more. Personally, the easiest for me was React due to knowing already all the stuff, just needed to go to another syntax, and JSX is literally JS and HTML. Vuex or Redux - they're almost the same. I agree Vuex seems easier, especially because it doesn't need to be immutable (what it's less clean on the other hand), but they're almost the same thing with different names. What is true, lots of things are easier in Vue, for example, lazy loading + code splitting, and the DSL itself. Although, React makes composition easier since it's just JS with almost no framework context. I'm not making an opposite statement, just clarifying there is no silver bullet. They all offer mostly the same, and some find it easy/better with one, others with the other. The best thing is always to analyze and choose what's best for the project/team." 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If not using a Front-End Framework, then What? There are a few alternatives to using a front-end framework for building the user interface of a web application.  One option is to use vanilla or pure JavaScript and build the UI from scratch using just the core language features and APIs.  Another option is to use a library like jQuery, which provides a set of useful functions for working with the DOM and making AJAX requests. Here are a few more options for building the user interface of a web application without using a front-end framework: Server-side rendering. This involves generating the HTML for a web page on the server, rather than in the client's browser. This can be done using a server-side language like PHP, Ruby, or Python, and can be a good option for applications that do not require a lot of client-side interactivity. CSS frameworks. This type of front-end framework provides a set of styles, layout patterns, and design principles for building web interfaces. They are typically focused on providing a consistent look and feel for web applications, and can include styles for common UI elements such as buttons, forms, tables, and more. CSS frameworks can be a useful tool for building the visual aspect of a web application, and can be especially helpful for quickly prototyping or building simple applications. Static site generators. These are tools that can generate static HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files from templates and data sources. They can be a good option for building simple websites or web applications that do not require a dynamic, real-time update of the content. No-code platforms. There are a number of platforms that allow you to build web applications without writing any code. These platforms typically provide a set of pre-built templates and components that you can customize and arrange to create your application. They can be a good option for non-technical users or for prototyping ideas quickly. Hybrid approaches. You can also use a combination of different tools and technologies to build the user interface of a web application. For example, you could use a static site generator to build the basic structure of the application, and then add some interactivity using pure JavaScript or a library like jQuery. JavaScript Front-End Frameworks vs pure JavaScript Why use a front-end Javascript framework? The most commonly used programming language is JavaScript. And the most popular front-end frameworks are JavaScript-based: React (officially, it’s a library), Angular, or Vue.js https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2022 By using pure JavaScript instead of a front-end framework, a developer must create their own structure for organizing and implementing features in their applications. While this can be sometimes a more flexible approach, it can also be more time-consuming and require more effort to maintain the codebase as the application grows and evolves. Some key differences between JavaScript front-end frameworks and pure JavaScript include: Code reusability. Front-end frameworks often provide a set of reusable components so developers don’t have to rebuild them from scratch. React, for example, allows the use of reusable UI components, reducing development time. Conversely, pure JavaScript developers need to create their own code reuse mechanisms if necessary. Code maintenance. Front-end frameworks provide a consistent structure and set of conventions for organizing and implementing code to make it easier for developers to understand and work with code written by others, and reduce the risk of errors or bugs. Pure JavaScript developers must create their own conventions and patterns for organizing and implementing code. Easy-scalable functionality. Front-end frameworks provide out-of-the-box key features of every complex web application such as routing. Pure JavaScript developers must implement them manually. Performance. Front-end frameworks are designed to enhance the rendering and performance of the front end of web applications. React, for example, offers specific strategies for performance optimization. Pure JavaScript may not offer the same level of performance and scalability. Community and ecosystem. Front-end frameworks typically have a large and active community of developers and a wide range of resources and tools available, including documentation, tutorials, and third-party libraries. This can make it easier to find support and resources when working with a front-end framework. Pure JavaScript, as a core programming language, also has a large and active community, but it may not have the same level of resources and tools specifically tailored for building the front-end of web applications. Features of Front-end Frameworks Components Functionality Most frameworks have a reusable set of commonly-used components to construct a UI fast. For example, AuthorCredit component (React) can be used while building a blog or online magazine. It allows displaying a portrait of the author and a short byline about them for each article. And matAutocomplete component (Angular) is useful when you need to show a list of auto-complete options when the user tries to type something in the field. The possibility to quickly build and re-use custom UI components is a distinguishing feature of a modern front-end framework. matAutocomplete Angular component State Management State management is a crucial aspect of front-end development, as it allows components to track and update their own data values without the need for additional code.  A front-end framework's built-in state-handling mechanism makes this process easier by providing tools like the useState() hook or libraries like Redux, XState, and Mbox. These tools, given an initial data value, automatically keep track of and update that value as needed.  Here is an example of how state management is generally easier to implement using a front-end framework compared to using pure JavaScript. Consider a simple front-end application that displays a list of items, and allows the user to add and remove items from the list.  Using pure JavaScript, the developer would need to write code to handle the following tasks: Display the list of items. Add a new item to the list when the user clicks a "Add" button. Remove an item from the list when the user clicks a "Remove" button. Update the display of the list to reflect the current state of the list. To implement these tasks using pure JavaScript, the developer would need to write code to manually update the DOM elements that display the list of items whenever the state of the list changes. This would require a significant amount of code, and could be prone to bugs and maintenance issues. On the other hand, using a front-end framework like React or Vue, the developer can manage the state of the list in a more efficient way.  For example, the developer could use a state management tool provided by the framework to update the state of the list whenever the user clicks the "Add" or "Remove" button, and the framework would automatically update the display of the list to reflect the current state of the list. This can save a significant amount of time and effort compared to writing all of the code from scratch using pure JavaScript. Browser Events Handling In addition to monitoring ongoing state, front-end frameworks also react to events that occur in the browser. Examples of these events include closing the browser window, a web page finishing loading, a form being submitted, and errors occurring. The mechanism behind event handling can be described as follows: "listener code listens for the event to occur, and the handler code runs in response to it happening."   Some examples of such events include: Form events, such as "submit", "reset", "focus", "blur", and "change". These events are fired when a form is submitted, reset, or its elements receive or lose focus, or the value of a form element changes. Mouse events, such as "click", "dblclick", "mousedown", "mouseup", "mouseover", "mouseout", "mousemove", and "contextmenu". These events are fired when the user interacts with the mouse, such as clicking on an element or moving the mouse over an element. Keyboard events, such as "keydown", "keyup", and "keypress". These events are fired when the user interacts with the keyboard, such as pressing or releasing a key. Window events, such as "resize", "scroll", "beforeunload", and "error". These events are fired when the window is resized, scrolled, about to be closed, or an error occurs. Front-end frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js provide a range of tools and libraries that can make it faster and easier to implement event handling for these and other browser events compared to using pure JavaScript.  For example, they provide declarative syntax, automatic event listener management, and reactive data binding, which can help the developer focus on the business logic of the application rather than on the low-level details of DOM manipulation. Here are some points in more detail. Declarative syntax Front-end frameworks provide a declarative syntax that allows the developer to specify the desired behavior of the application in a more abstract and concise way, rather than writing imperative code to manipulate the DOM directly.  For example, in the React example, the useEffect() hook is used to attach and remove the "submit" event listener to the form element in a declarative way, rather than using the imperative addEventListener() and removeEventListener() methods. Automatic event listener management Front-end frameworks can automatically manage the lifecycle of event listeners, attaching them when the component is mounted and removing them when the component is unmounted. This can help the developer avoid memory leaks and other issues that might arise from attaching and removing event listeners manually.  For example, in the Angular example, the HostListener decorator is used to attach the "resize" event listener to the window object, and the Angular framework takes care of removing the listener when the component is destroyed. Reactive data binding Front-end frameworks provide reactive data binding, which allows the developer to specify how the UI should change in response to data changes. This can make it easier to handle events that involve updating the UI, as the framework can automatically update the DOM based on the changes in the data model.  For example, in the Vue.js example, the "scroll" event listener is attached to the document object, and the Vue.js framework takes care of updating the DOM based on the changes in the data model caused by the "scroll" event. Client-Side Rendering Client-side rendering is often used to update parts of the UI without requiring a full page reload by using such concepts as, for example, Virtual DOM.  For example, if a user adds an item to their cart in an e-commerce application, the client-side rendering process could be used to update the display of the cart icon to show the correct number of items, update the cart page to show the correct list of items, and potentially update other areas of the UI as well (e.g., updating the total cost of the items in the cart).  The Virtual DOM is a lightweight in-memory representation of the actual Document Object Model (DOM) that is used to update the actual DOM in an efficient way. When a user interacts with a web application, the front-end framework compares the previous and current versions of the Virtual DOM and calculates the minimum number of changes needed to update the actual DOM. This process is called "reconciliation" or "diffing". By using the Virtual DOM, front-end frameworks can significantly improve the performance of a web application, as it reduces the number of costly DOM manipulations that need to be performed. This can be especially beneficial for complex front-end applications that require frequent updates to the UI. While pure JavaScript does not include the Virtual DOM as a built-in feature, it is possible to use pure JavaScript to implement the Virtual DOM concept. However, this would require writing a significant amount of code to handle the various aspects of the Virtual DOM, such as diffing and reconciliation, and could be time-consuming to implement and maintain. Form Processing Front-end developers have to create forms for almost every project. And it’s surprisingly tedious to do. The process involves a lot of repetitive work such as creating input elements, adding field labels, and help texts, field grouping, performing form validation, creating custom validation rules, modifying default validation messages, forms theming, and much more. Front-end frameworks have libraries that make form building and validating much easier. Here is an example of why form processing is generally better to do with a front-end framework compared to using pure JavaScript: Consider a simple form that allows a user to enter their name and email address, and then submit the form to send the data to the server.  Using pure JavaScript, the developer would need to write code to handle the following tasks: Display the form fields and submit button. The developer can use pre-built UI components provided by the framework to display the form fields and submit button. Validate the form input. The developer can use form validation tools provided by the framework to check that the name and email fields are not empty and that the email field is a valid email address. Display error messages if the form input is invalid. The developer can use the form validation tools provided by the framework to display error messages if the form input is invalid. Send the form data to the server when the submit button is clicked. The developer can use an HTTP library provided by the framework, or make an HTTP request using pure JavaScript, to send the form data to the server when the submit button is clicked. Display a success or error message depending on the server's response. The developer can use the framework's UI components and state management tools to display a success or error message depending on the server's response. Client-Side Routing There are also several reasons why using a front-end framework can be a better choice for implementing client-side routing than using pure JavaScript. Advanced features. Front-end frameworks usually provide a range of advanced features for client-side routing, such as route-level code splitting, lazy loading, navigation guards, transition animations, and more. These features can make it easier to implement complex routing scenarios and provide a better user experience for the application. Ecosystem. Front-end frameworks usually have a large and active community of developers, which can provide a wealth of resources, tools, and libraries for working with client-side routing. This can make it easier to find solutions to common routing problems and to integrate the routing mechanism with other libraries or APIs. Maintenance. Front-end frameworks often provide a unified and consistent API for working with client-side routing, which can make it easier to maintain the routing code over time. This is especially useful if the application has a large number of routes and requires frequent updates to the routing mechanism. Reusability. Front-end frameworks often provide reusable components that can be used across different routes, which can make it easier to build and maintain a consistent and coherent UI for the application. This can save time and effort compared to building the UI from scratch for each route using pure JavaScript. Errors Handling and Reporting Unlike the backend, frontend code doesn't run on a single platform but on dozens of browsers and device types. At the same time, users almost never report UI glitches, slow performance, and broken interfaces, they just leave with a bad impression. Businesses want their web apps to remain working even if a front-end error occurs, and, in the worst cases, show readable and understandable messages to users. The support team also should get the error code to resolve issues ASAP. It’s easier to handle and report front-end errors using appropriate frameworks. For example, libraries like React-Error-Boundary can help write less code for this purpose. Frameworks provide mechanisms like tracking errors centrally (mostly for unexpected errors) with error handlers and their functionality easily may be extended by third-party bug tracking and monitoring solution. With error handling and reporting tools, located centrally, developers may scale the app or modify the error handling through one file and update it globally. Facilitation of Tests Writing  Frontend testing focus on the validation of menus, forms, buttons, and other web application elements visible to end users. Tests check out how quickly elements load, what are their response times to user actions, and so on. Front-end frameworks have extensive testing tools with capabilities from unit to integration testing. Test coverage ensures your web software continues to behave in the way that you'd expect and gives you confidence in your UI code. Using a JavaScript front-end framework can facilitate test writing compared to using separate libraries or vanilla JavaScript or jQuery because it provides a structured and consistent approach to testing. Here is an example of how you might write tests for the login form using vanilla JavaScript or jQuery, and how this approach may not be as structured and consistent as using a JavaScript front-end framework. To test the login form using vanilla JavaScript or jQuery, you would need to manually create the form elements and add them to the DOM (Document Object Model). You could then use JavaScript or jQuery functions to simulate user actions and verify the form's behavior. This approach may not be as structured and consistent as using a JavaScript front-end framework, because you are responsible for manually creating and manipulating the DOM elements and handling the testing process yourself. This can make it more difficult to write and maintain tests, as you need to manage the details of the testing process manually. By contrast, using a JavaScript front-end framework such as React, Angular, or Vue.js provides a more structured and consistent approach to testing, as it includes built-in tools and features for rendering and interacting with components in a test environment. When to Use a Front-end Framework For building Single-Page Applications  Single-Page Applications are those ones that use an architecture where data updates and navigation occur without page reloading. For example, dashboard apps. The best way to build such applications, where rich interactivity, deep session depth, and non-trivial stateful UI logic are required, is by using front-end frameworks.  For building Server-Side Rendering Applications When the initial load performance for the app is absolutely critical or when your web app is sensitive to SEO, server-side rendering is applied.  For such cases, the front-end frameworks provide APIs that allow utilizing a server to generate an HTML page for users without the necessity to see the white screen, while the browser loads JavaScript files. Server-side rendering greatly improves Core Web Vital metrics such as Largest Contentful Paint (LCP). To speed up your site's performance even further, static-site generation techniques, also known as JAMStack, are used. Front-end framework helps pre-render an entire application into HTML and serve them as static files. Let’s build an interactive and responsive UI that your app users will love. Our front-end developers apply best practices to write top-quality code and deliver the look and functionality you expect rapidly and within a budget.

When to Hire Dedicated Front-end Developers Are you looking to optimize your budget for front-end development while maintaining quality in the short and long term? Consider building a dedicated team for long-term collaboration. To amplify your core business product, Belitsoft offers dedicated web development teams for continual cooperation. Whilst your project managers supervise them. Do you require additional front-end developers but internal recruiting efforts have been unsuccessful? Assume hiring team extension resources. Belitsoft enables you to enlarge your current in-house team or department with one or multiple front-end developers and full management support. Is your internal programming team facing an urgent problem and has no expertise? Hire a dedicated team on a project basis. Belitsoft offers dedicated front-end development teams with support in elaborating project requirements and management. Delivery is based on a well-defined project plan. Why Hire Dedicated Front-end Developers from Belitsoft Cost-Effective Solution Competitive prices are available for hiring talented engineers at our front-end development company in Eastern Europe, where we specialize in React.js development services, Vue.js development services, and Angular development services. With access to its front-end developers pool, which is known for its strong technology ecosystem and mathematics background, we offer the prices 2 times lower compared to Western countries. Located in different time zones (along with the USA, UK, Germany, Israel), our developers meet the project requirements on schedule. Experienced Team Our developers are seasoned experts who incorporate into your team and strengthen it. Each of the senior front-end developers has the expertise in web applications of varying complexity, functionality, and requirements across various business domains. Based on a proven track record, you access the best match for your project needs. There are rigorous tests we use to find a dedicated front-end developer who will fit your company's culture best. During the assessments, we verify the candidate's skills and interest in working for your team and elicit the command of technical expertise and developer's problem-solving approach. With the detailed feedback on the estimate, you can interview the shortlisted candidates to ensure they meet your requirements and are a good cultural fit for your company. Scalable Team Hire and adjust the size of your team in line with your needs. Keep it enlarging while your company grows. Streamlined Operations Assign us to handle all aspects of billing, payments, and NDAs, so you can focus on building great products. Belitsoft deals with all taxes too, you pay the service fee only. Flexible Engagement Choose the engagement type that best fits your needs, whether it be part-time or full-time, with the ability to change. Dedicated Support Concentrate on your project while benefiting from the support of a dedicated account executive and a knowledgeable talent-matching specialist. Check our portfolio to see the proficiency of front-end development in our web and mobile applications. From single-page applications (SPAs) to hybrid and cross-platform mobile apps, we've got you covered. Areas of expertise of Belitsoft extends to creating cloud software-as-a-service (SaaS) solutions. They cater to diverse end-user groups, including B2B, B2C, B2E, custom enterprise platforms, and corporate apps. We have succeeded while working on challenging projects with varying levels of complexity, from large and intricate applications to minimum viable products (MVPs) with multiple integrations. Maximize Authenticity with a Professional Appearance! Our UX designs will excite your end-users. We'll help you create an interactive prototype. Developers support integration of the UI into your backend web application with Java, .Net, or PHP. Enhance your existing solution with modern tools and technologies - contact us. How to Hire Dedicated Front-end Developers through Belitsoft Submit your request to us. We sign an NDA. Schedule a call with us to discuss project details To find out your goals, technical requirements, and team dynamics, the director of engineering will work with you. Engineering experts will partner with you, so no general recruiters or HR reps will contact you. Within days, we may introduce you to the right candidate for your project Get a front-end specialist from the pool of pre-screened, high-caliber front-end developers ready to join your project shortly. Based on your project requirements, we evaluate the coder's soft and hard skills and provide you with an assortment of best front-end developer CVs. After that you may take time to select the relevant candidate and schedule an interview. Once you have determined the developer, we'll agree on the work process, and the performance scope, and sign the documents Start with a trial period to ensure the fit before committing to the engagement. In case you're completely satisfied, continue the engagement for as long as you need. If the candidate isn't a good fit, we'll repeat the recruiting process to find the best front-end developer for your project. The result is a custom-matched talent to fit your business needs. How Much does it Cost to Hire Dedicated Frontend Developers? Points to consider the hiring cost skill set experience location time zone project scope full-time or part-time dedication duration The more experienced the developer, the higher their rates may be. However, the ultimate cost is determined by the number of agreed hours and the target completion date for the website project. Get a personalized quote for your project Skills to look for in Dedicated Front-end Developers In searching for dedicated front-end developers, it is important to look for individuals with experience in designing and developing front-ends for complex web solutions. Essential skills and qualities to screen for include: Familiarity with various front-end frameworks like React, Vue.js, and Angular. They can choose the proper framework. Ability to use asynchronous JavaScript for non-blocking communication with the server and seamless updates to the webpage. Proficiency in coding best practices, including XML, SAAS, CSS3, HTML5, and JavaScript, and adhering to SEO and WCAG2 guidelines. Knowledge of network security, including SSL certificates and HTTPS protocols. Writing code that is well-commented, split into focused units, and easily maintainable. Ability to write clean, modular, and scalable code, as well as experience with code review practices and performance optimization. Familiarity with code quality metrics such as Maintainability Index and Cyclomatic Complexity. Familiarity with code version control tools like Git, enabling efficient management of the web development process. Proficiency in testing, including familiarity with TDD, BDD, and unit testing tools like Jest and Enzyme. Implementing unit testing and conducting thorough code reviews for quality assurance. Staying updated with the latest UI design standards and trends in web development. Development with cross-browser and cross-platform compatibility in mind. Knowledge of responsive design and related principles, allowing them to create cross-platform websites that function efficiently on mobile devices and computers. Strong collaboration skills, as front-end developers frequently work with UI designers, web designers, and back-end developers.

Cross-Browser and Cross-Platform Testing Strategies in Cross-Browser and Cross-Platform Testing There are two common strategies: testing with developers or having a dedicated testing team. Developers usually only test in their preferred browser and neglect other browsers, unless they are checking for client-specific or compatibility issues. The Quality Assurance (QA) team prioritizes finding and fixing compatibility issues early on. This approach ensures a focus on identifying and resolving cross-browser issues before they become bigger problems. The QA professionals use their expertise to anticipate differences across browsers and use testing strategies to address these challenges. Tools for Cross-Browser and Cross-Platform Testing Specific tools are employed to guarantee complete coverage and uphold high quality standards. This process involves evaluating the performance and compatibility of a web application across different browsers, including popular options like Firefox and Chrome, as well as less commonly used platforms. Real device testing: Acknowledging the limitations of desktop simulations, the QA team incorporates testing on actual mobile devices to capture a more accurate depiction of user experience. This is a fundamental practice for mobile application testing services, enhanced by detailed checklists and manual testing to achieve this. Virtual machines and emulators: Tools like VirtualBox are used to simulate target environments for testing on older browser versions or different operating systems. Services like BrowserStack offer virtual access to a wide range of devices and browser configurations that may not be physically available, facilitating comprehensive cross-browser/device testing. Developer tools: Browsers like Chrome and Firefox have advanced developer tools that allow for in-depth examination of applications. These tools are useful for identifying visual and functional issues, although they may not perfectly render actual device performance, leading to some inaccuracies. Quite often, when the CSS tested in Chrome's responsive mode appears correct, clients report issues, highlighting discrepancies between simulated and actual device displays. Mobile testing in dev tools has limitations like inaccurate size emulation and touch interaction discrepancies in browsers. We have covered mobile app testing best practices that can bridge the gap for optimal performance across devices and user scenarios in this article. CSS Normalization: Using Normalize.css helps create a consistent baseline for styling across different browsers. It addresses minor CSS inconsistencies, such as varying margins, making it easier to distinguish genuine issues from stylistic discrepancies. Automated testing tools: Ideally, cross-browser testing automation tools are integrated into the continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipeline. These tools are configured to trigger tests as part of the testing phase in CI/CD, often after code is merged into a main branch and deployed to a staging or development environment. This ensures that the application is tested in an environment that closely replicates the production setting. These tools can capture screenshots, identify broken elements or performance issues, and replicate user interactions (e.g., scrolling, swiping) to verify functionality and responsiveness across all devices before the final deployment. We provide flawless functionality across all browsers and devices with our diverse QA testing services. Reach out to ensure a disruption-free user experience for your web app. Test the applications on actual devices To overcome the limitations of developer tools, QA professionals often test applications in actual devices or collaborate with colleagues for accurate cross-device compatibility. Testing on actual hardware provides a more precise visual representation, capturing differences in spacing and pixel resolution that simulated environments in dev tools may miss. Testing on actual hardware gives a more accurate visual representation. It captures spacing and pixel resolution differences that may be missed in simulated environments in dev tools. Firefox's Developer Tools have a feature for QA teams. It lets them inspect and analyze web content on Android devices from their desktops. This helps understand how an application behaves in real devices. It highlights device-specific behaviors like touch interactions and CSS rendering. These behaviors are important for ensuring a smooth user experience. This method is invaluable for spotting usability issues that might be ignored in desktop simulations. Testing on a physical device also allows QA specialists to assess how their application performs under various network conditions (e.g., Wi-Fi, 4G, 3G), providing insights into loading times, data consumption, and overall responsiveness. Firefox's desktop development tools offer a comprehensive set of debugging tools, such as the JavaScript console, DOM inspector, and network monitor, to use while interacting with the application on the device. This integration makes it easier to identify and resolve issues in real-time. Testing on physical device, despite its usefulness, is often overlooked, possibly because of the convenience of desktop simulations or a lack of awareness about the feature. However, for those committed to delivering a refined, cross-platform web experience, it represents a powerful component of the QA toolkit, ensuring thorough optimization for the diverse range of devices used by end-users. The hands-on approach helps QA accurately identify user experience problems and interface discrepancies. In the workplace, a 'device library' offers QA professionals access to various hardware like smartphones, tablets, and computers. It also helps in testing under different simulated network conditions. This allows the team to evaluate how an application performs at different data speeds and connectivity scenarios, such as Wi-Fi, 4G, or 3G networks. Testing in these diverse network environments ensures that the application provides a consistent user experience, regardless of the user's internet connection. When QA teams encounter errors or unsupported features during testing, they consult documentation to understand and address the issues, refining their approach to ensure compatibility and performance across all targeted devices. For a deeper insight into refining testing strategies and enhancing software quality, explore our guide on improving the quality of software testing. Integration Testing & End-to-end Testing Increased code reliability confidence is a key reason for adopting end-to-end testing. It allows for making significant changes to a feature without worrying about other areas being affected. As testing progresses from unit to integration, and then to end-to-end tests within automated testing frameworks, the complexity of writing these tests increases. Automated test failures should indicate real product issues, not test flakiness. To ensure the product's integrity and security, QA teams aim to create resilient and reliable automated tests. In the transition from unit to integration and end-to-end tests, complexity rises. It's crucial for tests to identify genuine product issues, avoiding failures due to test instability. Element selection Element selection is a fundamental aspect of automated web testing, including end-to-end testing. Automated tests simulate user interactions within a web application, like clicking buttons, filling out forms, and navigating through pages. To achieve this, modern testing frameworks, like test automation framework, are essential as they provide efficient and reliable strategies for selecting elements. For these simulations to be effective, the testing framework must accurately identify and engage with specific elements on the web page. Element selection facilitates these simulations by providing a mechanism to locate and target elements. Modern web applications introduce additional complexities, with frequent updates to page content facilitated by AJAX, Single Page Applications (SPAs), and other technologies that enable dynamic content changes. Testing in such dynamic environments requires strategies capable of selecting and interacting with elements that may not be immediately visible upon the initial page load. These elements become accessible or change following certain user actions or over time. The foundation of stable and maintainable tests lies in robust element selection strategies. Tests that are designed to consistently locate and interact with the correct elements are less likely to fail due to minor UI adjustments in the application. This enhances the durability of the testing suite. The efficiency of element selection affects the speed of test execution. Optimized selectors can speed up test runs by quickly locating elements without scanning the entire Document Object Model (DOM). This is especially important in continuous integration (CI) and continuous deployment (CD) pipelines, with frequent testing. Tools such as Cypress assist with this by enabling tests to wait for elements to be prepared for interaction. However, there are constraints like a maximum wait time (e.g., two seconds), which may not always align with the variability in how quickly web elements load or become interactive. WebDriver provides a simple and reliable selection method, similar to jQuery, for such tasks. When web applications are designed with testing in mind—especially through the consistent application of classes and IDs to key elements—the element selection process becomes considerably more manageable. In such cases, issues with element selection are rare, and mostly occur when unexpected changes to class names happen, which is more of a design and communication problem within the development team rather than the issue with the testing software itself. Component Testing  Write Сustom Сomponents to save time on testing third-party components  QA teams might observe that when a project demands full control over its components, opting to develop these in-house could be beneficial. This ensures a deep understanding of each component's functionality and limitations, which may lead to higher quality and more secure code.  It also helps avoid issues like vulnerabilities, unexpected behavior, or compatibility problems that can arise from using third-party components.   By vetting each component thoroughly, the QA team can ensure adherence to project standards and create a more predictable development environment during software testing services. When You Might Need to Test Third-Party Components Despite the advantages of custom components, there are certain scenarios where the use of third-party solutions is necessary. These scenarios include: When a third-party component is integral to your application's core functionality, test it for expected behavior in specific use cases, even if the component itself is widely used and considered reliable.  If integrating a third-party component requires extensive customization or complex configuration, testing can help verify that the integration works as intended and doesn't introduce bugs or vulnerabilities into your application. In cases where the third-party component lacks a robust suite of tests or detailed documentation, conducting additional tests can provide more confidence in its reliability and performance. For applications where reliability is non-negotiable, like in financial, healthcare, safety-related systems, even minor malfunctions can have severe consequences. Testing all components, including third-party ones, can be a part of a risk mitigation strategy. Snapshot Testing in React development  Snapshot testing serves as a technique used in software testing to ensure the UI does not change unexpectedly. In React development projects—a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces—snapshot testing involves saving the rendered output of a component and comparing it with a reference 'snapshot' in subsequent tests to maintain UI consistency. The test fails if the output changes, indicating a rendering change in the component. This method should catch unintended modifications in the component's output. As the project evolves, frequent updates to the components lead to constant changes in the snapshots. Each code revision might necessitate an update to the snapshots, a task that becomes more challenging as the project scales, consuming significant time and resources. Snapshot testing can be valuable in certain contexts. However, its effectiveness depends on the project's nature and implementation. For projects with frequent iterations and updates, maintaining snapshot tests may have more disadvantages than benefits. Tests may fail due to any change, resulting in large, unreadable diffs that are difficult to parse. Improve the safety and performance of your front-end applications with our extensive QA and security testing services. Contact us now to protect your web app and deliver an uninterrupted user experience. Accessibility Testing Fundamentals and Broader Benefits of Web Accessibility The product should have some level of accessibility instead of being completely inaccessible. Incorporating alt text for images, semantic HTML for better structure, accessible links, and color contrast is vital for making digital content usable by people with disabilities, such as those who use screen readers or have visual impairments.  The broader benefits of accessibility testing extend beyond aiding individuals with disabilities but also enhance overall usability, such as keyboard navigation and readability. Challenges and Neglect in Implementing Web Accessibility Implementing accessibility features often requires time, resources, and, sometimes, specialized skills. This can be difficult due to economic or resource constraints. Adding accessibility features takes extra design and development time, which can be challenging when working with tight deadlines. After a product is launched, the focus often shifts to avoid changes that could disrupt the product, making accessibility improvements less of a priority. Easy-to-implement accessibility elements may be included during initial development, but more complex features are often overlooked. Companies may not allocate resources for accessibility features unless there is a clear customer demand or legal requirement. Media companies recognize the need for certain accessibility requirements and make efforts to ensure their apps are accessible, such as considering colorblind users in their branding and style choices. Government projects strictly enforce accessibility requirements and consistently implement them. A lack of support and prioritization occurs when there is not a strong emphasis or commitment to ensuring products are accessible. This is a common situation in web development, where accessibility considerations are often secondary. Accessibility is not yet recognized as a critical aspect of development and is thus not actively encouraged or mandated by leadership. Even when implemented, these features are often neglected over time. Accessible websites require active testing to accommodate all users, including those who rely on assistive technologies like screen readers. Automating Web Accessibility Checks Software tools can automatically check certain accessibility elements of a website or app. Examples include: Ensuring images include alternative text (alt text) for screen reader users. Verifying proper labeling of interactive elements like buttons to assist users with visual or cognitive impairments in navigation and understanding. Checking the association of input fields with their respective labels for clarity in forms, which helps users understand what information is required. Development tools in browsers, particularly Firefox's developer tools, are increasingly valuable for conducting accessibility testing, revealing potential barriers. Limitations of Accessibility Tools Accessibility tools can sometimes be complex or tricky to implement without proper guidance or experience. For instance, VoiceOver, an accessibility tool on Mac, encounters technical issues that can prevent its effective use. Tools like WAVE and WebAxe are helpful in identifying certain accessibility issues, such as missing alt tags or improper semantic structure, but they cannot address all aspects.  For example: They are not able fully to assess whether the website's semantic structure is correct, including proper heading hierarchy. They cannot determine the quality of alt text, such as whether it is descriptive enough. They have limitations in checking for certain navigational aids like skip navigation links, which are important for keyboard-only users. Automated accessibility testing has a limitation in assessing color contrast with text overlapping image backgrounds. This is because the color contrast can vary based on the colors and gradients of the underlying image. Web accessibility standards and the different levels of compliance Adherence to web accessibility standards, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), is not only a matter of legal compliance in many jurisdictions but also a best practice for inclusive design. These standards are categorized into different levels of compliance: A (minimum level), AA (mid-range), and AAA (highest level). Each level imposes more stringent requirements than the previous one. Resources like the Accessibility Project (a11Yproject.com), the Mozilla Developer Network (MDN), and educational materials by experts such as Jen Simmons help developers, designers, and content creators understand and effectively implement accessibility standards. Performance Testing Varied Approaches to Performance Testing by QA Team For performance testing, QA teams adopt diverse strategies. The aim is to identify potential bottlenecks and areas for improvement without relying solely on specific development tools or frameworks. Challenges in Assessing Website Performance Assessing website performance is challenging due to unpredictable factors like device capabilities, network conditions, and background processes. This unpredictability makes performance testing unreliable, as test results can vary significantly. For example, using tools like Puppeteer can be affected by device performance, background processes, and network stability. At Belitsoft, we address performance testing challenges by employing the Pareto Principle. This allows us to enhance efficiency while maintaining the quality of our work. Learn how Belitsoft applies the Pareto principle in custom software testing in this article. Common Tools for Performance Testing in Pre-Production During the pre-production phase, QA teams use a suite of tools like GTMetrix, Lighthouse, and Google Speed Insights to thoroughly assess website speed and responsiveness. For example, Lighthouse provides direct feedback on areas requiring optimization for metrics such as SEO and load times. It highlights issues such as oversized fonts that slow down the site, ensuring QA teams address specific performance problems.   The Importance of Monitoring API Latencies for User Experience However, API latencies—delays in response time when the front end makes requests to backend services—are critical for shaping user experience but not always captured by traditional page speed metrics. Teams can establish early warning systems for detecting performance degradation or anomalies by integrating alarms and indicators into their comprehensive API testing strategy, enabling timely interventions to mitigate impacts on the user experience.  Tools for Monitoring Bundle Size Changes During Code Reviews Integrating a performance monitoring tool that alerts the QA team during code reviews, like GitHub pull requests, about significant bundle size changes is essential. This tool automatically analyzes pull requests for increases in the total bundle size—comprising JavaScript, CSS, images, and fonts—that exceed a predefined threshold. This guarantees that the team is promptly alerted to potential performance implications. Unit Testing End-to-End vs. Unit Tests End-to-end testing simulates real user scenarios, covering the entire application flow. They are effective in identifying major bugs that affect the user's experience across different components of the application. In contrast, unit tests focus on individual components or units of code, testing them in isolation. Written primarily by developers, unit tests are essential for uncovering subtle issues within specific code segments, complementing end-to-end tests by ensuring each component functions correctly on its own. Immediate Feedback from Unit Testing QA teams benefit from the immediate feedback loop provided by unit testing, which allows for quick detection and correction of bugs introduced by recent code changes. This feedback enhances the QA team's confidence in the code's integrity and mitigates deployment anxieties. Challenges of Unit Testing in Certain Frameworks QA professionals face challenges with unit testing in frameworks like Angular or React, where unit testing can be complicated by issues with DOM APIs and the need for extensive mocking. The dynamic nature of these frameworks causes frequent updates to unit tests, making them quickly outdated. The React codebase is often not "unit test friendly," and time constraints make it difficult to invest in rewriting code for better testability. Consequently, testing often becomes a lower priority. The Angular testing ecosystem, particularly tools like Marbles for testing reactive functional programming, may be complex and not intuitive. Therefore, unit testing is typically reserved for small, pure utility functions. Visual Testing/Screenshot Testing  In front-end development, various methods are employed for maintaining visual integrity of websites. QA teams adopt methods beyond the informal "eyeballing" approach to ensure visual consistency with design specifications. This technique involves directly comparing the developed site with design files, like Figma files or PDFs, by placing them side by side on the screen to check for visual consistency. QA professionals employ tools to simulate different screen sizes and resolutions. This effort is part of a broader user interface testing strategy, which helps to check if websites are responsive and provide a good user experience on different devices. Testing includes mobile-first optimization and compatibility with desktops. Automation is important for efficient and thorough visual verification. Advanced testing frameworks, such as Jest, renowned for its snapshot testing feature, and Storybook for isolated UI component development, automate visual consistency checks. These tools seamlessly integrate into CI/CD pipelines, identifying visual discrepancies early in the development cycle. Automated visual testing ensures UI consistency and alignment with design intentions, improving front-end development quality. QA teams play a critical role in delivering visually consistent and responsive web applications that meet user expectations, improving product quality and reliability. Achieving the desired software quality requires integrating a variety of testing strategies and leveraging QA expertise. Our partnership with an Israeli cybersecurity firm demonstrates these strategies in practice. Learn how we established a dedicated offshore team to handle extensive software testing, which resulted in improved efficiency and quality. This effort highlighted the value of assembling a focused team and the practical benefits of offshore QA testing. Belitsoft, a well-established software testing services company, provides a complete set of software QA services. We can bring your web applications to high quality and reliability standards, providing a smooth and secure user experience. Talk to an expert for tailored solutions.